After infection with lentiviral TRPV1-DsRed, TGNs were incubated with each of the above-noted BoNTs for 24 h at 37 °C followed by the same treatment with TNFα, before application of the TRPV1-ecto antibody for 10 min in the presence of TNFα and processing for SDS-PAGE/Western blotting or microscopy. Here, TNF is linked to infection.