MTOR and Hyperglycemia: The systemic effects of metformin can potentially counteract the Warburg effect by reducing hyperglycemia.51 Warburg effect is a crucial metabolic feature in cancer cells that facilitates bypass senescence.52 The cellular effects are associated with activation of AMPK and consequently inhibition of mTOR pathway,17,53 which plays a critical role in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis among many tumors.