TIRAP and tuberculosis: An association has been reported between the S180L TIRAP polymorphism and TB susceptibility with heterozygotes for the mutation showing protection from disease and homozygotes showing increased susceptibility (Capparelli et al., 2013, Castiblanco et al., 2008, Khor et al., 2007, Selvaraj et al., 2010), although other studies have failed to replicate these findings (Dissanayeke et al., 2009, Nejentsev et al., 2008).