GNAQ and systemic lupus erythematosus: Additional studies have shown that antisense oligonucleotides to Gq-coupled GPCRs can also be effective in vivo for ameliorating murine lupus; specifically, antisense oligonucleotides directed against Gαq in female lupus-prone mice effectively reduce serum IgG levels, anti-DNA antibody levels, hematuria, and proteinuria, even in terms of the histopathology of renal biopsies [27].