EDN1 and periodontitis: ET-1 dose- and time-dependently induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by H-hPDL; ET-1 may be involved in the inflammatory process of periodontitis, at least in part, by stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production via the MAPK pathway in hPDL cells [9].