Importantly, (1) elevation of TIM-3 expression in T cells was predominantly found on the therapeutic PD-1 antibody-bound subset, (2) upregulation of TIM-3 was only detected in tumour-bearing lungs but not in sentinel lymph nodes and peripheral blood, (3) TIM-3 positivity was significantly correlated with duration of PD-1 blockade and (4) TIM-3 was not upregulated acutely at time points when we confirmed clinical efficacy17. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.