Several studies have reported that patients transplanted beyond the Milan criteria can achieve long-term recurrence-free survival: pathological features of HCC tumours appear to play an important role as prognostic markers of disease-free survival; increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, micro vascular invasion (MVI), differentiation grade, and satellite nodules all appear to be associated with impaired outcome following LT [3–9]. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is neoplasm.