Previous analysis of EBV negative BL cells infected with wild type EBV bacmids or EBV bacmids deleted for the EBNA3A, 3B or 3C genes individually or in combination showed that infection with wild-type EBV led to a 3.3-fold upregulation of RUNX3 mRNA levels, but infection with viruses lacking all EBNA3 proteins resulted in 2.4-fold lower expression than in wild-type EBV infected cells (11). Here, RUNX3 is linked to infection.