In separate experiments, genes highly upregulated in HNSCC were further interrogated for their regulation by S100A8/A9 by ectopic overexpression in S100A8/A9-negative carcinoma cells and by knockdown of endogenous S100A8/A9 expression in HNSCC cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference. Here, IGKV1D-22 is linked to carcinoma.