TRAF3 and Hepatic steatosis: Supplementary Fig. 10a showed that TRAF3 level was higher in the livers of ob/ob mice than in those of lean controls, and the knockdown of TRAF3 by AdshTRAF3 injection significantly inhibited the spontaneous insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response in these mice (Supplementary Fig. 10b–k).