TRAF3 and Insulin resistance: Regarding the effect of hepatic TRAF3 on insulin resistance, we observed that fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, fasting serum insulin (FINS) levels and homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were significantly lower in TRAF3-LKO mice than in TRAF3-flox group after HFD administration (Fig. 2b).