We found that among the 20 cytokines/chemokines examined, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6) and chemokines (IP-10 and MIP-1β) in TB patients were significantly higher than those measured in no-TB cases (P < 0.05), when healthy donors and non-TB patients were regarded as one category (Fig 1). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and tuberculosis.