INS and Insulin resistance: Although it has been believed that insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion are both important in the pathogenesis, diabetes is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, i.e., an elevated level of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and triglycerides (TG), and a decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), suggesting that dyslipidemia may play an additional role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.