Therefore, we detected the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, procaspase-1, and IL-1β in glomerular mesangial cells of diabetic nephropathy and then observed the changes of the players using NAC blocked ROS that stimulated by high glucose and LPS, aiming to elucidate the role of oxidative stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells of diabetic nephropathy. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and diabetic kidney disease.