The RhoA/mDia-1 (mammalian diaphanous homolog-1)/profiling-1 [20] or RhoA/ROCK1 (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1) [21] pathways have been shown to be involved in the pathology of DR via triggering microvascular endothelial dysfunction. The gene discussed is RHOA; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.