VCAM1 and thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma: Moreover, as concerned with the levels of serum VCAM-1, in a study by Pasieka et al. [49], significantly higher levels of VCAM-1 were observed in the serum samples of only anaplastic thyroid carcinoma patients, while in PTC patients the circulating VCAM-1 levels were comparable with those of healthy control group.