VEGFA and Alzheimer disease: CSF biomarkers of inflammation that showed increased levels in AD are TNF-α [28], monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [29], interferon γ-inducible protein 10, IL-8 [30], IL-6 [31], transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) [32], and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [31].