LCN2 and acute kidney injury: In a prospective observational study enrolling 92 septic patients with AKI, the AUC of urine NGAL for the prediction of 180-day mortality was 0.76 (95 % CI: 0.66–0.86; P = 0.000), with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.72–0.90; P = 0.00), higher than for serum creatinine (0.64; 95 % CI: 0.52–0.76; P = 0.022).