INS and diabetes mellitus: According Eisenbarth (2003) [28], specific patterns of autoantibody expression may predict risk and progression to diabetes ranging from 20 % to >90 %, mainly in diabetes type I. We propose a detection of IgA anti-insulin in saliva as useful tool to predict diabetes risk early, as well as, an important result to monitoring the progression of disease in diabetic patients, with the same accuracy as that obtained for serum anti-insulin antibodies and with less discomfort to the patients during fluid collection.