Seven days post infection, CS + IAV mice had increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines (CCL-2, CXCL-2, CXCL-9, CXCL-10), cytokines (GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and proteases (MMP-12) compared to sham + IAV + diluent mice or CS + diluent mice (Table 4). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.