The modulatory properties of cathelicidins include the capacity to modify pattern recognition receptor signaling, and, with specific relevance to viral infections, LL-37 has been shown to enhance viral dsRNA signaling via TLR3, promote cytokine responses in rhinovirus-infected human airway epithelial cells (42), and augment IFN-β responses of human keratinocytes upon stimulation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (43). Here, IFNB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.