We hypothesized that there would be an increased risk for TB or death because vitamin D has an important role in innate immunity through autophagy induction [31, 32] and SNPs within the PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J region impair the down-regulation of toll-like receptor IL-1R signaling, a pathway critical to host immune responses to Mtb [15]. Here, PKP3 is linked to tuberculosis.