CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Furthermore, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are crucial in novel therapies targeting the immune system, e.g., by blocking CD8 T cell-related ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) and receptors (PD-1 and CTLA-4), antitumor immunity is enhanced in patients with various types of advanced solid tumors, including NSCLC [44].