It was shown that TLR4 or TLR9 stimulation combined with FcεRI activation by anti-IgE resulted in a synergistic increase of IL-4, CXCL8, IL-13 and RANTES/CCL5, all of which are thought to enhance IgE-mediated responses, such as allergy or parasitic infection. Here, CCL5 is linked to parasitic infectious disease.