BCHE and immune system disorder: Collectively, our findings are in keeping with other evidence for an immune dysfunction in GWI (Broderick et al., 2012, 2013; Craddock et al., 2015, Hotopf et al., 2000, Israeli, 2012, Moss, 2013, Toubi, 2012, Whistler et al., 2009), in addition to other factors, including inflammatory components (Broderick et al., 2012, 2013; Johnson et al., 2013), mitochondria dysfunction (Koslik et al., 2014) and genetic variants regarding butyrylcholinesterase enzyme activity (Steele et al., 2015).