ML-ratio associated genes were enriched for type-I and -II interferon signalling (p = 1.2 × 10− 8), and for genes under transcriptional control of IRF1, IRF2, RUNX1, RELA and ESRRB. The ML-ratio-associated gene set was enriched in TB disease (3.11-fold, 95% CI: 2.28–4.19, p = 5.7 × 10− 12) and other inflammatory diseases including atopy, HIV, IBD and SLE. Here, ESRRB is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.