IRAK4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Chen et al. studied the role of the TLR-7 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) and SLE, finding increased levels of mRNA of MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK-4, and IFN-α in mononuclear cell of SLE patients, which correlated with disease activity (49).