In addition to the TGFβ-NOX4 axis-mediated activation of HSC and expression of fibrogenic factors, other NOX isoforms, including NOX1, NOX2, and NOX2 regulatory subunit p47phox, are also reported to orchestrate the progression of hepatic fibrosis (Aram et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2010; Paik et al., 2011). The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.