MDM4 and Familial prostate cancer: While the SNP34091A allele has been reported to confer higher MDM4 levels in ovarian [20] and prostate cancer cells [19], and the common assumption is that the oncogenic effect of high MDM4 levels is through the p53 pathway [31], it has been reported that over 90 % of all HGSOC have mutations in the TP53 gene [32].