ATXN2 and diabetes mellitus: 12 patients with MSA and 3 patients with PD were excluded because of inability to stand or instability of standing; 2 patients with PD were excluded because of comorbidity of diabetes mellitus; 2 patients with MSA ultimately diagnosed as SCA2 and SCA3 (40 and 75 CAG repeats, respectively for abnormal bands in ATXN2 and ATXN3 expansion) were also not included in this study.