Also in the obese group, 30% were insulin resistant using a HOMA-IR cutoff of ≥ 2.73 [33], and adiponectin, which is an adipokine that has insulin-sensitizing activity, trended toward a reduction in obese submariners, a finding previously reported in adults with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and T2DM [34]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and metabolic syndrome.