KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: The early detection of prostate carcinoma suffers from low specificity and sensitivity of PSA, reflected by unnegligible rate of PCa including high-grade PCa among individuals with a PSA level ≤4 ng/ml as well as relatively high rate of non-malignant cases among men with a 4–10 ng/ml PSA level determined by biopsy3, 4.