In a recent clinical report in which advanced stage, heavily pretreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were treated with entinostat and the DNMT inhibitor azacitidine, 4 out of 19 patients showed major objective responses to subsequent anticancer therapies given immediately after epigenetic therapy, including immunotherapy targeting the checkpoint inhibitor PD1. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.