TGFB1 and neoplasm: Importantly, it has been establishedthat the pluripotency transcription triad ishighly responsive to upstream and downstreamsignals induced by WNT, transforming growthfactor-β (TGF-β) and FGF signaling pathways.A functional WNT signaling system operates inthe pre-implantation embryo and activation of thecanonical pathway affects embryonic developmentin bovines (3), ESC self-renewal in humansand mice (4), as well as tumor progression (5).