In view of the ability of VSELs to express neural (GFAP, Nestin, b-III tubulin, Olig1, Olig2, Sox2, and Musashi-1) stem cell markers in PBborne nucleated cellsthat circulate in stroke patients as well as in a murine model of stroke, we believe that VSELs which colonize in the injured spinal cord may be involved in SCI regeneration. The gene discussed is OLIG1; the disease is Stroke.