TNF and pulmonary arterial hypertension: All experiments showed decreased levels of TNF-α compared with the cultured polymers with LPS-stimulated murine macrophages (density of 1 × 105 cells/cm2).9 The cytokine secretion of IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was not different between macrophages cultured on PDL and PAH with or without LPS stimulation.9 Monocytes on silicone cultured for 10 days produced high GM-CSF and IL-8.16 TNF-α and IL-10 were produced at high levels the first 2–6 days, where after the production decreased.16