Among these combination treatments, combination of erlotinib with sorafenib induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death associated with attenuated Akt and ERK signaling, decreased nuclear PKM2 and β-catenin and affected Bcl-2 family proteins in GSC11 cells in vitro, and tends to improve survival of the brain tumor xenografts. Here, PKM is linked to brain neoplasm.