Therefore, we recommend that patients who have completed a course of anti-MAC therapy but deemed to have ongoing severe immunosuppression (e.g. high immunosuppressant dosages, primary immunodeficiencies, low CD4+ counts) should be continued on oral azithromycin and ethambutol as secondary prophylactic agents until such time as restoration of immunological function is achievable. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and inborn error of immunity.