Number of clinical studies have demonstrated an impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in conduit or resistance vessels of T2DM patients [45,46,47]; this impairment was related to plasma glucose, glucose levels fluctuation, HbA1c and insulin resistance [48,49,50], low-density lipoprotein size [46], serum concentration of AGEs [51], endothelial oxidative stress [52] and chronic inflammation [53]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.