A recent innovative pilot study used a vaccine based on autologous glioma tumor cells (isolated during surgical craniotomy), treated with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) targeting insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R), encapsulated in small diffusion chambers and re-implanted into the patient’s abdomen 24 h post-surgery for 24 h [85]. Here, IGF1R is linked to central nervous system cancer.