INS and hypertensive disorder: During the past decade, the peripheral and central neuronal pathways in the olfaction functions has been known to be modulated responding to the circulating levels of various molecules, including leptin, insulin, and glucose, which are associated with nutritional status insulin, and glucose.[3] MetS components such as high glucose, high triglyceride, and high blood pressure have been reported to be associated with olfactory dysfunction, separately.