We measured the IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -6, and -7 levels in 3662 serum samples from our ongoing Phenome and Genome of Diabetes Autoimmunity (PAGODA)/Prospective Assessment in Newborns for Diabetes Autoimmunity (PANDA) study (20). The gene discussed is IGFBP1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.