Interestingly, we found that TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 mRNAs were all remarkably up-regulated in the co-cultured cancer cells (Fig. 6A) and NFs (Fig. 6B) using real-time PCR, whereas IL-4, IL-13, BMP2 and PDGF-bb mRNAs were not affected in these cells (Fig. 6A,B). The gene discussed is BMP2; the disease is cancer.