HMGB1’s translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol can be induced by a variety of signals such as activated poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP-1) after alkylating DNA damage [79], in human dendritic cells after infection with dengue fever [80] or in alveolar macrophages by FIP200, an autophagy initiating protein, after infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa [81]. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and infection.