In this report, we have investigated the effect of this mutation on the response to liver injury and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma, both processes requiring NF-κB activity.17, 18, 19, 20, 21 We find that mutation of RelA Thr505 leads to an aberrant proliferative response after liver injury and earlier onset of hepatocellular carcinoma, revealing an important mechanism normally acting to suppress the tumour-promoting functions of NF-κB. The gene discussed is RELA; the disease is neoplasm.