The induction of LCD by CQ has been well characterised in HeLa cells and recently shown to be potentiated by a dual PI3K/AKT inhibitor in neuroblastomas.29, 30, 46, 47 Our model shares significant similarities with these reports, as synergistic cell death is unrelated to autophagy and requires cathepsin and BID activity upstream of caspase activation. Here, PIK3CA is linked to neuroblastoma.