FGFR3 and urinary bladder neoplasm: As activating FGFR3 mutations are found in up to 80% of low-grade noninvasive bladder tumours, the combination of CQ with mTOR pathway inhibitors may therefore benefit a substantial population of patients.26 Other transforming RTK mutations may similarly control cholesterol biosynthesis and present opportunities for eliciting synergistic cell death between relevant inhibitors and CQ.