ATG13 and urinary bladder cancer: Considerable suppression of protein expression and autophagic flux was achieved in RT112 cells (Figure 1d), and validated across six bladder cancer cell lines (ATG13: 95% knockdown, 68% flux inhibition; ULK: 97% knockdown, 61% flux inhibition; VPS34: 94% knockdown, 56% flux inhibition; and ATG7: 96% knockdown, 51% flux inhibition).