The long-term survival of the helminths is thought to be facilitated by the induction of immuno-regulatory mechanisms that include the induction of regulatory T cells [2, 7] and modulation of cells of the innate immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, which result in an anti-inflammatory environment, characterized by increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β [1] and possibly limiting pro-inflammatory mediated harmful consequences such as anaemia. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is anemia (phenotype).