The most likely marker candidates include merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and its C-terminal product, (MSP1–19), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3), reflecting cumulative evidence of their role in naturally-acquired immunity to malaria based on epidemiological studies in countries such as Myanmar [3], Tanzania [4], Ghana [5–7], Kenya [8], Mali [9] and Venezuela [10]. The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is malaria.