TGFB1 and peripheral arterial disease: Finally, our finding of the progressive worsening of myofibrosis with advancing Fontaine Stage in PAD suggests that the patients who are optimal for anti-fibrotic intervention are those with moderate disease, since (1) a relatively small proportion of vascular SMC express TGF-β1, (2) fibroblasts are present at a relatively low density, and (3) collagen deposition is largely limited to microvessels with little expansion into the interstitium.