PNPLA3 and non-alcoholic fatty liver: For example, a strong association of PNPLA3 rs738409, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene, with liver fat content, fibrosis, cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD)-related hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported [6–9].