A number of studies have reported that the serum levels of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (BCAAs and AAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, are significantly different among lean, obesity, and diabetes, and are closely correlated to insulin resistance, highlighting their potential for diabetes diagnosis and risk assessment4, 5, 6, 7. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.